An Analysis Of Effective Listening Skills

An Analysis Of Effective Listening Skills Correspondence is the way to individual, monetary, and innovative achievement. Workshops continually tout the significance and critical job of powerful correspondence, particularly so as to prevail at business. In any case, one part of relational abilities that is regularly disregarded is the viable utilization of non-verbal correspondence. Non-verbal correspondence can be summarized as the various pieces of language that give us visual and non-discernible signs so as to effectively decipher the importance and expectation of the speaker in a discussion. Non-verbal correspondence can be imparted through motions and contact otherwise called Haptic correspondence by non-verbal communication or stance, by outward appearance and eye to eye connection. Non-verbal correspondence can even be imparted through articles, for example, apparel, haircuts or even engineering, images and illustrations. For instance, when one goes to a prospective employee meeting, khaki jeans can pass on a scope of significance anyplace from goodness, Im here to the fashionable and prepared to overcome, all dependent on the style, quality, cut, and attack of the gasp. Oversimplified truly, however attempted and demonstrated too. By a similar token, wearing Levis to a prospective employee meet-up, regardless of how dressy the jeans are, it sends a hidden message of easygoing quality that may not be the harmony to strike, contingent upon the position and industry. Likewise, discourse contains nonverbal components known as paralanguage, which incorporate variables like voice quality, feeling and talking style, just as the verbally expressed musicality, word sound or intonation and stress. Move is additionally viewed as a nonverbal correspondence. Similarly, composed writings have nonverbal components, for example, penmanship style, spatial plan of words, graphical or structure courses of action or the utilization of emojis. Be that as it may, a significant part of the investigation of nonverbal correspondence has concentrated on up close and personal cooperation, where it very well may be ordered into three fundamental centers: natural conditions where correspondence happens, the physical attributes of the speakers, and practices of the speakers during connection. While not a customarily characterized type of non-verbal correspondence, viable listening abilities are apparently the most valued arrangement of relational abilities for any specialist to create so as to make progress. Besides, successful listening abilities sway the expert circle, yet in addition the individual and enthusiastic wellbeing and by and large prosperity of an individual. Numerous specialists differ on the quantity of explicit segments that include a successful audience, yet there are sure key components that are commonly acknowledged as rules to make an audience increasingly viable and serve to improve the nature of correspondence between the included gatherings. Listening is one of those uncommon abilities that, since we can hear, we will in general accept that we can consequently tune in. However for some, individuals planning to encourage, listening is the most troublesome aptitude to ace. As I compose this I am recalling that one of todays very much worn clichã ©s, regularly utilized by the individuals who arent tuning in: I hear what you are stating, however So says Mr. Trevor Bentley, who has built up a quite certain arrangement of measures to characterize a viable audience. In his article, The uncommon aptitudes of tuning in, he expresses that particular circumstances require explicit reactions or set of listening abilities. As per Bentley, one can limit these occasions to six fundamental gatherings, which comprise of monolog, exchange, discussion, conversation, discussion, and contention. Websters characterizes a monolog to be an all-inclusive continuous discourse by a character in a dramatization. The character might be talking their musings so anyone might hear, legitimately tending to another character, or addressing the crowd, particularly the previous. Monologs are normal over the scope of emotional media (plays, films, liveliness, and so on.). In day by day life, a monolog alludes to that one person who talks ceaselessly upon all subjects, frequently immediately to consider the impact of any of their articulations upon those in their quick region. Then again, discourse is a communication of sorts, its ordinary premise and partner is a conversatio nal trade between at least two individuals. Presently, a discussion is by definition correspondence between different individuals. It is a social aptitude that can be cultivated by the normal person. Discussions are the perfect type of correspondence in certain regards, since they permit individuals with various perspectives on a theme to gain from each other. For a fruitful discussion, the accomplices must accomplish a functional parity of commitments. A fruitful discussion incorporates rehashing, replying, making and countering associations between the speakers or things and subjects that the speakers know. For this to occur, those taking part in discussion must discover a point on which the two of them can identify with in some sense. They talk or from individual experience or from others perceptions and information. Those taking part in discussion normally will in general relate different speakers articulations to oneself. They may embed parts of their lives into their answers, to identify with different people feelings or purposes of discussion. Once more, all these are instances of various types of tuning in. At last there are conversations, discussions, and contentions. While one can contend that these are for the most part raising types of a similar condition, the general significance and reference of these three words is a clarification of an issue or a point, thoroughly analyzed by consistent principles, and authentically asserted by influence and rationale to pronounce one perspective in preferable remaining over the other. Bentley prescribes that so as to expand correspondence in every one of these circumstances one should picked a level on which to listen once more, in light of the circumstance and to utilize a blend of order, facilitative and undivided attention to have the best correspondence happen. His eight phases of listening spread non-tuning in, inactive tuning in, critical tuning in, mindful tuning in, visual tuning in, intelligent tuning in, dynamic/inventive tuning in, and mandate tuning in. While the Bentley framework has extremely coherent and compelling answers for so me correspondence difficulties and circumstances, different specialists take a progressively natural and summed up perspective on successful tuning in and non-verbal correspondence. In the article Turn tuning in into an amazing nearness, Richard Harris expresses that Better-than-normal audience members are definitely mindful of the accompanying significant issues: organization, investigating deliberately, exertion, star occasions, compassion, killing snap decisions, and steadiness. Listening isn't in any way shape or form an inactive undertaking whenever rehearsed accurately or adequately. As an audience, one is continually attempting to get or comprehend the importance of the discussion, while managing all the non-verbal communicational hints on an inner mind level. In the event that you are blindfolded in a live with certain companions, you could take an interest in discussion effectively. Be that as it may, your reactions and comprehension could go from a tad off to very misled, contingent upon what number of viewable signals and motions you miss because of the blindfold. Undivided attention isn't simply creating reactions to sounds or responding to the inquiry. It requires the audience members to comprehend, decipher, and dissect what is hear d. Today, the capacity to listen is an important aptitude in relational correspondence. It improves individual connections by lessening clashes, reinforcing collaboration, just as cultivating understanding. Harris focuses on the significance of rehearsing the issues that emerge when holding a discussion, completely certain that a typical individual can adjust and gain proficiency with these procedures so as to turn into a progressively compelling communicator. At times successful listening is essentially ensuring that one is totally occupied with the discussion, suspending judgment, and causing assessments after all the issues to have been talked about. Nonetheless, it isn't normal for people to tune in this structure, and persistence and practice are key perspectives to creating characteristic listening aptitudes, which will in the end feel like a typical piece of the psychological aerobatic exhibition practiced consistently by any individual who must convey in any structure. Viable listening is fundamental for any individual who needs to perform at their best, work effectively and smoothly, and adapt adequately. Not many individuals understand that the craft of listening has an inseparable tie to instinct and little to do with the psychological vaulting of attempting to focus on the words themselves. As you consider tuning in to be a craftsmanship and discussion as something that makes magnificence, you will start to see how your own mus ings meddle with the experience. One master contends that the less reasoning that continues during a discussion, the more viable the audience is, on the grounds that a greater amount of the genuine discussion is held and ingested. (Gunn) This specific master expresses that in his own exploration, the more open and clear an individual is when occupied with discussion, the more review is accessible after the discussion. Instinct and sentiments are additionally critical to this specific scholar. For viable tuning in, this hypothesis expects one to be exceptionally mindful of the sentiments that are being propelled over the span of the discussion, to be put away in the memory and dissected after the discussion is finished, which one apparently will have more review thereof since one didn't get intellectually occupied by feelings or considerations during the discussion. Viable listening is likewise firmly identified with non-verbal communicational structures, for example, motions. Motions are another device that can be utilized to expand an audience members contribution on the discussion and its result. While this particular device is very culture based, it tends to be extremely viable when deciphered and polished effectively. One of the most widely recognized societies to utilize signals in the United States is the Latin Americans. Signals allo

Zara case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Zara case - Essay Example Additionally, the principle paper has likewise talked about how a few parts of gracefully anchor identify with explicit fragments of the market and their effect on the breath of the business including rivalry that leads into value varieties. Eventually, the paper has talked about a portion of the effects that happen because of increment in the number if the retailing chains and the conveyance outlets (Pisano and Adams, 2009). From the contextual analysis, realities can be drawn that flexibly chain procedure upgrades adjusted scorecard among clients and the association. It likewise guarantees that there are consistency and improvement in the estimation of creation. The examination has additionally given a knowledge how gracefully chain system must be set perfect with the market expectations. In addition, it attracts an arrangement to distinguish why there must be a legitimate connection between flexibly chain and the fulfillment of the clients (Pisano and Adams, 2009). With VF marks as a major aspect of the cases study, it has obviously been called attention to that a hierarchical achievement can without much of a stretch be accomplished when an organization is engaged in the sweeping advancement through discount and retail claimed

Some Tips on Writing an Essay About Yourself

Some Tips on Writing an Essay About YourselfDo you have some tips on writing an essay about yourself? If so, then you will be pleased to know that you have picked up a few big ones in the last minute. You can certainly use your essay as the introduction of a page or so to help introduce your expertise and to make sure that people get a good idea of what you are about.Having a well-written essay is only half the battle. As well as being an impressive introduction, it needs to present you in a way that makes you look good and gives people an idea of who you are. These tips on writing an essay about yourself will help you do this.The first of the tips on writing an essay about yourself is to ensure that the essay will speak for you. This means that you should be able to provide clear and useful information that people can use to form their own opinions about you. If they are left wanting for more information then you have failed.The second tip on writing an essay about yourself is to en sure that your essay will include the facts about you and why you are worth including in the essay. This may include facts about your experiences that others can relate to. The better you can relate to these facts the more the readers will get something out of your essay.The third tip on writing an essay about yourself is to make sure that the reader can relate to your thoughts, feelings and opinions. In other words, you should be able to have a dialogue with the reader about what you are writing about. By being able to talk back to the reader about what you have written will give the reader a sense of ownership over the essay.The fourth tip on writing an essay about yourself is to make sure that you feel that you are the subject of the essay. When you are writing about yourself, you are allowed to share your opinions and ideas as long as you do not put people down. The point of the essay is to reflect your experience and therefore should include your opinions about various things.T he fifth tip on writing an essay about yourself is to try and be specific. This means that you should make sure that you use specific words and phrases that people will find easy to remember. Also, ensure that the sentences you use are short and to the point.The final tip on writing an essay about yourself is to make sure that you know when to leave them out. This means that you should make sure that you do not include any personal anecdotes and never give specific dates. This may sound simple but if you were to list each entry as it is written then the reader will get the feeling that your essays are full of random details. This will only serve to make them feel uneasy and uncomfortable in general.

Postmodernism and Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Postmodernism and Media - Research Paper Example It would be the agreeable sequencing of subtleties to develop as one. Postmodernism has impacted a few if not all types of expressions of the human experience whether performed or composed. Others may see that postmodernism, in the more present day and in some mechanical viewpoint, to be influencing the internet based life as it could be influencing or repudiating the old style free enterprise. In this sense, however there is an amicable blend of change, there are additionally occasions that may have influenced different parts of the economy, government or the media itself.2 A hypothesis of postmodernism said to have articulated the â€Å"end of the real.† With the point of postmodernist to inject changes, it didn't guarantee any avoidance subsequently media isn't prohibited from these changes. A worry that can be achieved this is general society would be given a hard assignment of comprehending what is genuine and what isn't. In spite of the fact that this will draw out the i mpulses and interest of the crowd, individuals regularly tend to accept more what is seen instead of what is yet to be found through thorough perusing and examination. There can be different reasons and goals concerning why and what changes and complexities postmodernism acquaint with different media forms.Before, the main thing which could be anecdotal is the narrative of a specific film or arrangement. With the accessibility of innovation, as of now it is likewise conceivable that the characters in these types of media can an anecdotal or an enlivened one. Possibly during the initial scarcely any years or many years of postmodernism, the crowd were giving their complete consideration as to recognizing what new thoughts or advancements would be raised. This could be the negative impact of innovation in media as well as even with postmodernism. As time cruises by, individuals have seen what innovation can do to a film or an arrangement since none of the two are communicated or publi cized live. The film could have been altered, recorded and re-recorded a hundred times. There are occurrences that the versions and changes made to the film makes it very like different movies prior created. This could influence the capacity to focus of the viewers.5 As Jameson further expressed, â€Å"the similarity among media and market is in reality established by this system: it isn't on the grounds that the media resembles a market that the two things are equivalent; rather it is on the grounds that the â€Å"market† is as not normal for its â€Å"concept† (or Platonic thought) as the media is not normal for its own idea that the two things are tantamount. The media offers free projects with which the shopper must choose between limited options on the substance and grouping at all however the choice is then rebaptized â€Å"free choice.†6 Believing what is seen is more helpful for some instead of perusing an unending book which could lead no nothingness a nd further cluelessness. In spite of the fact that the crowds are progressively astute in contrast with crowds from earlier decades, there are as yet the individuals who couldn't recognize what is genuine and what isn't. For certain, media will consistently be the equivalent however not for Bignell as he arranged media to be old and new. Explaining on this thought, Bignell expressed that â€Å"

Where to Begin and What to Write For Essays

Where to Begin and What to Write For EssaysWriting papers can be a daunting task if you don't know what to write and where to find the needed tools. There are many schools around the world offering their services in writing papers. Some of these universities will even give you credit for your exams and help you get rid of those exam anxiety for good.A study on Writing papers will give you a clearer idea of the things that you need to know about paper writing. What is the right place to begin? This is a question that should be answered before you even get started. If you know where to begin from, then you are off to a good start.You might not have a background in the writing of essays, so it's not too bad if you haven't done one before. For you who have little knowledge in this field, do not worry as you can still try it out with your friends or colleagues. If you have no one in your circle to help you, you can try looking for help online.What kind of papers do you need to write? This is a question that you should answer first before anything else. This question should help you decide what kind of papers you need to write. It also helps you to know whether you need to specialize in any type of paper or not. This will help you determine whether you want to go for a specific style of paper writing or if you want to write a general paper with more formal style.What format should you write it in? Many of us think that we need to write a one page essay and that we need to do it in a certain way. However, it is important to remember that there are many different styles and formats to write an essay. So just because one style is common doesn't mean that it is the only way to write one.Look for the advice that you need on how to write your papers. Many online programs like that of Kaplan will teach you all the basics of writing essays that you need. You will have access to their tutorial and e-course material online and you can begin right away.Looking for an academic j ournal for writing ideas is another great way to learn and hone your skills in writing papers. These journals also offer a tutorial for their readers and this will also help you to gain knowledge about the most common essay formats. So what are you waiting for? You can get started right away.When you know how to write your papers and the style that suit you best, you can save yourself a lot of time and effort. Your work is not that difficult to finish as long as you know where to look for the required tools.

Difference Between the Way the Law Treats Married and Unmarried Couples - Free Essay Example

Discuss the difference between the way the law treats married and unmarried couples. Do you think there should be such differences legally? Does the law on cohabitation, marriage and divorce need reform? There are several ways in which married couples are treated differently to unmarried couples. Most of the differences occur in respect of money issues and generally become apparent on the death of one of the parties or when the parties separate . Issues that are handled differently with married couples include capital gains tax , wills , inheritance tax , pensions and issues where children are involved. This includes children from former relationships as well as from their present relationship . When examining the law surrounding capital gains tax and inheritance tax the law will treat unmarried couples as two separate individuals when dealing with these matters. By treating them this way they are taxed individually. In situations were the couple are married capital gains tax and inheritance tax would be avoided altogether. An unmarried couple would have to pay both if one of the partners dies. When assessing capital gains tax according to tax legislation all people have an allowance of  £8,000 before they have to pay tax. Married couples get allowed twice this amount per year and can avoid paying such tax by transferring assets to the partner who earns the lowest . Unmarried couples are governed by the allowance a nd cannot avoid tax in this manner. Similarly the law on inheritance tax is set at  £285,000 for anyone who is not married. Inheritance tax includes the price of any property that is left to the beneficiary which makes it so that a lot of people will be subject to this tax given the recent huge increase in house prices. With married couples the whole of the estate can pass to the surviving spouse without being subjected to any inheritance tax regardless of the amount inherited . For those who are not married a will is essential as it would be unlikely for the partner to be able to inherit anything from their deceased partners estate without a will . Such a will has to specifically name the partner as a personal representative of the deceased in order for the surviving partner to be able to administer the will. In cases where unmarried couples have failed to make a will the partner has occasionally not received any property or money from the estate of the deceased . By con trast in cases where the couple are married and the parties have not made a will the estate and any other possessions of the deceased will automatically be awarded to the surviving spouse in cases where there are no children from the relationship . If they do have children then a proportion of the inheritance would be reserved for the children. Problems have also arisen in respect of pensions . The government has attempted to address this issue just recently but as yet the new proposals have not been implemented so it is debatable as to whether unmarried couple would be entitled to the pension or not. In general most employers do not consider cohabiting couples in respect of payments for death in service . Those who are cohabiting can make it so that their partner does benefit by naming the intended beneficiary in the policy . Couples who are not married can also face difficulties if one of the parties needs medical treatment. With a married couple the spouse is regarded as th e next of kin and can give permission for surgery or treatment if the other party is unable to do so because of their condition. With an unmarried couple the other party is not classed as the next of kin and therefore the hospital have to assume the role of deciding what treatment is in the best interests of the patient. Similarly if one of the parties dies the unmarried partner is not allowed to deal with the funeral arrangements unless there is no surviving next of kin to handle the arrangements. Unmarried partners are not entitled to register the death of their partner unless they were the one that came upon the partner after they died. They would not be able to register the death as the partner of the deceased and would merely be classed as the person authorised to arrange the funeral. Cohabiting couples can also face problems if the relationship comes to an end and they decide to separate. Some have made preparation for such eventualities by drawing up cohabitation agreement s . Within a cohabitation agreement the couple can include how the property and items within the property should be distributed in the event of the couple deciding to split up. One of the biggest areas of contention usually concerns the house on which the couple have been living. Both married and unmarried couples can reside in the property either as tenants in common or as joint tenants. Where the property is registered in the names of both parties they each will have equal shares regardless of whether they are married or not. Difficulties arise where the property has only been registered in one name. In some instances the courts will be asked to decide whether the property should belong to the name person only or whether the other party should be entitled to a share. The courts are free to infer joint ownership using the principle of implied or constructive trusts . A constructive trust could be inferred if the actions of the parties would appear to suggest that they expected t o have an interest in the property. This assumption can be made from evidence showing direct contribution to the household bills or to repairs in the property . Evidence that money was paid towards the purchase price could lead to the presumption of a resulting trust which would entitle that party to a direct share of the property. With a married couple the courts will often allow the spouse to remain in the family home regardless of whether the property has been registered in that persons name or not . The Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Act 1979 s37 entitles married partners to remain in the home even if the property was only registered in one of the couples names. It is not only mortgaged or owned properties that can cause these problems. Rented accommodation can be problematic especially with local authority housing as the council will often not allow the property to transfer to the partner not named on the agreement if the couple are not married. Married couples are more fortunate and it is more likely that the council would allow the transfer to a spouse . Difficulties with transferring rented properties to unmarried partners have occurred on a number of occasions and also affect same sex couples as well as heterosexuals . Jointly owned properties can be transferred to either spouse or partner at the order of the courts, and particular regard is likely to be given to the issue of children within the relationship. In some instances the court will order that the property is to be settled, especially where there are children to consider. With a settled property the parent with control of the child would be entitled to remain in the property until that child attains the age of 18 .After this time the property would be ordered to be sold and the profit from the equity to be split. A further issue that is different for married couples to unmarried couples is that with a married couple the wife is usually entitled to financial support for both her and her children . An unmarried person is less likely to be granted financial support. Most unmarried couples find it difficult to prove that they were a couple. When making awards to unmarried couples the courts will look for evidence that the couple were acting in a manner that could be regarded as a marriage . It is the responsibility of the couple to provide the necessary proof to demonstrate that they regarded themselves as though they were married. Failure to provide this proof can lead to the courts rejecting any application with regards to the family home or financial support of any kind . Difficulties can also arise in respect of children from the relationship in situations where the parents are not married. With a married couple both parents will have automatic parental responsibility for any children born inside the marriage . Unmarried couples are treated differently with the father of the child only being granted parental responsibility if he attends with the nat ural mother to register the birth or if he applies to the courts for parental responsibility in cases where the mother refuses to allow him to have parental parental responsibility. Registering the childs birth is also different depending on whether the couple are married or not. Under s9 of the Registration of Births and Deaths Regulations 1987 the birth must be registered by a qualified informant. Married couples are both classed as qualified informants . In an unmarried couple situation only the mother is a qualified informant and the father can only appear on the childs birth certificate if the natural mother agrees to him being included. An unmarried father would only be entitled to register either by a statutory declaration made by the natural mother or through a court order . The government has attempted to address the unfairness in the present system for same sex cohabiting couples through the introduction of the Civil Partnership Act 2004. The introduction of this Act only affects those that have undergone a civil ceremony to have their relationship formally recognised. For those that have had a civil ceremony legislation protects their rights with regard to property and finances in much the same way as with married couples. At present the government has still got to ratify the Relationships (Civil Registration) Bill. This commenced its journey through Parliament in 2002 but as yet has not been made law. Once the Act is passed cohabiting couples will have similar protection to married couples despite there having been no formal ceremony undertaken. There have been many objections to this Bill, the most important of these being the assertion that allowing the Bill to be passed would undermine the whole notion of marriage. Many believe that if the Bill becomes law there will no longer be a need for anyone to get married as they can acquire the same rights as married couples by relying on the Bill. The Bill if introduced would entitle cohabit ing couples to register their relationship in a similar way to marriage which would give them tights in respect of inheritance, housing problems, pensions, social security payments and immigration as well as other areas. Under the Bill if the couple decide to separate then the registered partnership could be dissolved twelve months after dissolution has been applied for. The Solicitors Family Law Association has backed the proposal for new laws on cohabiting couples. They believe that the existing law is too ambiguous and does not adequately meet the needs of those who have chosen not to marry but to cohabit. Concern has been raised that the proposed Bill would effectively amend social security legislation and place registered partners in the same position financially as married couples. The Law Commission in their paper in July 2007 entitled Cohabitation: The Financial Consequences of Relationship Breakdown examined couples living together outside of marriage to decide whethe r any remedies could be suggested to make things more equal for couples when they separate or one of the parties dies. They felt that financial provision should be made under the Children Act 1989 where there are children from the relationship. They also felt that in circumstances where the cohabitant dies intestate the surviving partner should have automatic rights to inherit. At present cohabitants can only benefit from the estate under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 which will grant them a discretionary award on the basis of the needs of the surviving partner. Argument has surrounded providing further protection through legislation for cohabiting heterosexual couples on the basis that it would be unfair to give them the same rights as married couples and not have the same hurdles for them to overcome in the event of the relationship breaking down. At present married couples wishing to end their relationship have to go through the formal process of divorce which can be extremely costly. Cohabiting couples can just go their separate ways without the need to make the separation formal. Under the Civil Partnership Act 2004 same sex couples have to undergo the equivalent of a divorce in order to dissolve the relationship. It is difficult to reach a firm conclusion as to whether the law in this area required revising as the argument that a cohabiting couple should marry if they want to protect their rights seems to be a very valid proposition. Couples who choose to cohabit often do so because of the ease at which the relationship can be brought to an end in the event of things going wrong in the relationship. Simplifying the law on divorce and reducing the amount it costs to obtain a divorce might encourage more cohabiting couples to get married. The removal of tax benefits such as the MIRAS scheme has also meant that many couples that might previously have married to gaining such benefits no longer feel the need to. The r ecent changed in the law in respect of parental responsibility have also done little to promote marriage as a positive element. Previously parental responsibility could only be obtained through an order of the court. Since December 2003 the father of the child gains automatic parental responsibility if they are named as the father on the birth certificate at the time that the baby is registered. It could be argued that not protecting the rights of unmarried couples is tantamount to forcing them to enter into a marriage in order to receive the benefits attached to married couples. However, the counter argument from those opposed to cohabitation is that the ceremony is only a formality and that if the couple intend to stay together regardless then it should not matter if they are made to undergo a formal marriage ceremony. The conclusion that can be drawn from the above is that there is a great deal of unfairness in the way that cohabiting couples are treated as opposed to marri ed couples. By providing legislation to protect their rights in a similar manner to the rights of married couples would undermine the whole purpose of marriage and make it more tempting for couples to opt for cohabitation as opposed to marriage as it is easier and less costly to get out of a cohabiting relationship then a married one. Simplification in divorce proceedings and a less costly way of handling divorce might give cohabiting couples the necessary incentive to undergo a formal marriage ceremony. Bibliography Cretney, S.M Masson, J M, Principles of Family Law, 6th Ed, 1997, sweet Maxwell Gravells, N P, Land Law Text and Materials, 2nd Ed, 1999, Sweet Maxwell Inns of Court School of Law, Family Law in Practice, 5th Ed, 2001, Oxford University Press Oldham, M ¸ Statutes on Family Law, 10th Ed, 2002, Blackstones The Child Support Agency, Child Support Handbook 2001/2002 CSA Standards of Service The Law Commission in their paper in July 2007 entitled Cohabitation: The Financial Consequences of Relationship Breakdown Thomas, M, Statutes on Property Law, 8th Ed, 2001, Blackstones https://www.oneplusone.org.uk https://news.bbc.co.uk https://www.hmrc.gov.uk https://www.taxationweb.co.uk https://www.crossmans.co.uk Table of Cases Crake v Supplementary Benefits Commission [1982] 1 All ER 498 Drake v Whipp [1996] 1 FLR 826 Fitzpatrick v Sterling Housing Association Ltd [2001] 1 A.C. 27 [1999] 3 W.L.R. 1113 [1999] 4 All E.R. 705 [1999] 2 F.L.R. 1027 [2 000] 1 F.L.R. 271 [2000] 1 F.C.R. 21 [2000] U.K.H.R.R. 25 7 B.H.R.C. 200 (2000) 32 H.L.R. 178 [2000] L. T.R. 44 [2000] Fam. Law 14 [1999] E.G.C.S. 125 (1999) 96(43) L.S.G. 3 [1999] N.P.C. 127 (2000) 79 P. C.R. D4 Times, November 2, 1999 Independent, November 2, 1999 Gissing v Gissing [1971] AC 886 H v M ( Property: Beneficial Interest) [1992] 1 FLR Leadbetter v Leadbetter [1985] FLR 789 Lloyds Bank Plc v Rosset [1991] 1 AC 107 Mesher v Mesher [198] 1 All ER 126 Ungurian v Lesnoff [1990] Ch 206 Table of Statutes Administration of Estates Act 1925 Children Act 1989 Family Law Act 1996 Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1994 Law of Property Act 1925 Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Act 1979 Pensions Act 2004 Registration of Births and Deaths Regulations 1987 Relationships (Civil Registration) Bill Will Act 1837 Fraud Order 202655 This essay/coursework/dissertation was stolen from UK Essays, call 0115 966 7955 to speak to a Fraud Officer now for more details. We have made it available for use as a study resource. Date Of Order: 14/12/07 Date Paid: 17/12/07 Email Address Used: [email  protected]/* */ Likely Course: Law Level Of Study: University Level

College essay topics to write about Herfindahl-Hirschman Index - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1097 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Question: The Herfindahl Index coefficient and Gini coefficient are tools used in the analysis of industry concentration. Giving examples, assess their respective contribution to our understanding of industry structure. A numerical approach to understanding economic structures has been the basis for the development of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and Gini coefficient. The concentration and industry structure are easily conceivable from a combination of these two indexes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "College essay topics to write about Herfindahl-Hirschman Index" essay for you Create order The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index measures the size of the top 50 firms in the industry relative to the market. This comparison is in the form of a sum of the squares of their market shares. The primary basis behind the index is to understand the existing market structure based on the relative market shares of the top 50 (or all, if less than 50) firms. The coefficient will tend to be very high in case there is an oligopolistic market structure in which a small proportion of the firms will be holding large market shares. However, if the market is such that the top 50 firms have small and roughly equal market shares, the coefficient will be very low. The difference between the two market structures is easily understandable by looking at the value of the coefficient. An oligopolistic market will generally have an H-H index of above 1800. This would mean that the market is concentrated and the top 50 firms have a significant majority share of the market. An industry with an H-H index of between 1,000 and 1,800 is assumed to be moderately concentrated i.e. there is a fair degree of distribution of market share with a few firms standing out slightly above the others. A market with just one firm serving the entire market (monopoly) will have an index value of 10,000. The minimum index value is of course close to zero assuming a perfect competitive market. The differences in these index values explain a lot about the industry and are often used to estimate the division of wealth between firms. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of the automobile industry in the U.S. is in between 1,800 and 10,000. This is because of the fact that the industry has a lot of large players with significant market shares. However, the use of the Gini coefficient is more pertinent in measuring the distribution of wealth between firms in an industry. The division of the US automobile industry is also supported by the Gini coefficient. Intuitively, the Gini coefficient is a measure of the r elative dispersion of wealth in an industry. It measures the level of inequality of distribution of wealth in an industry. A Gini coefficient of 0 signifies perfect equality of wealth meaning that all firms in the industry have equal wealth. However, a perfect inequality of wealth is denoted by a Gini coefficient of 1. While theoretically it is impossible to have industries with Ginis of 0 and 1, the extent to which they are close to either of these benchmarks denotes the concentration of the industry. The US automobile sector has a Gini well above 0.5 denoting that the industry is concentrated and there is significant inequality of wealth amassed by the automobile firms. The combinatory use of the two indexes gives a clearer picture of the degree to which different firms have a share of the market and the extent of income equality (or inequality) relative to a perfect equality of wealth distribution. Question: In the market for air travel, why might a high degree of price discrimination lead to an improvement in both allocative and technical efficiency, and yet a reduction in consumer surplus? A high degree of price discrimination in the airline industry results in an increase in the producer surplus. This is because of the fact that a producer is able to capitalize on the prices that the consumer is willing to pay instead of the equilibrium price for the market lying above the equilibrium. is price methodology would raise allocative efficiency because the airlines will be using the appropriate consumption bundle on the consumers indifference curve. This would lead to maximizing utility in terms of each individual using the airlines service; Instead of maximizing output for the airline, it would mean reaching the optimum production level. The phenomenon of discriminatory pricing is also known as labelled as perfect price discrimination because of the fact that it matches a perfect competition market also completely. The optimum quantity for the airline would form the isoquant line while the budget line for the production would be denoted by the isocost line. The pr ice discrimination strategy would mean that the budget line would meet the optimum production quantity i.e. the isocost would equal the isoquant. This would denote the optimum quantity which would however reduce the consumer surplus instead of raising it. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that the supply curve in this strategy would change for each consumer. The supply curve will be higher or lower for each consumer depending on the price discrimination level; they would be matching the customers characteristics. Thus, this would result in an increase in the producer surplus at the expense of the consumer surplus. While the total surplus would remain unchanged, a portion of the consumer surplus would be converted to the producer surplus. This is the basic reason for a decrease in the consumer surplus even though technical and allocative efficiency may be rising. The technical efficiency would rise because of the price discrimination strategy: the output of the airli ne would increase even though the inputs would remain the same. This increase in technical efficiency is complemented by allocative efficiency. The rise in allocative efficiency can be explained by the fact that the consumers measure of the utility of the airlines service would increase. The price discrimination strategy would enable the airline to charge different prices to each consumer based on their utility. Since the prices would be matching the utility of the customer, the net utility derived from producing the optimum quantity (where isocost would equal isoquants). The following graph displays this phenomenon: Thus, it is possible for an airline to improve allocative and technical efficiency using a price discrimination strategy and at the same time experience decreasing consumer surplus. Bibliography Cleaver T, 2004, Economics: The Basics, Routledge. Brittanica, 1994, Isocosts and Isoquants, Accessed May 16, 2010 from: https://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/42/142-004-2E61196E.gif Jones, Chris, 2009, Financial economics. London: Routledge. Just, R.; Hueth, D. Schmitz, A. 2002, Applied Welfare Economics and Public Policy, Prentice Hall. Krugman P, 2000, The return of depression Economics, W. W. Norton and Company. Mankiw N.G., 2010, Macroeconomics, Palgrave Macmillan. Riddell, Tom Shackelford, Jean A., 2007, Economics: a tool for critically understanding society, Addison Wesely.