An Analysis Of Effective Listening Skills

An Analysis Of Effective Listening Skills Correspondence is the way to individual, monetary, and innovative achievement. Workshops continually tout the significance and critical job of powerful correspondence, particularly so as to prevail at business. In any case, one part of relational abilities that is regularly disregarded is the viable utilization of non-verbal correspondence. Non-verbal correspondence can be summarized as the various pieces of language that give us visual and non-discernible signs so as to effectively decipher the importance and expectation of the speaker in a discussion. Non-verbal correspondence can be imparted through motions and contact otherwise called Haptic correspondence by non-verbal communication or stance, by outward appearance and eye to eye connection. Non-verbal correspondence can even be imparted through articles, for example, apparel, haircuts or even engineering, images and illustrations. For instance, when one goes to a prospective employee meeting, khaki jeans can pass on a scope of significance anyplace from goodness, Im here to the fashionable and prepared to overcome, all dependent on the style, quality, cut, and attack of the gasp. Oversimplified truly, however attempted and demonstrated too. By a similar token, wearing Levis to a prospective employee meet-up, regardless of how dressy the jeans are, it sends a hidden message of easygoing quality that may not be the harmony to strike, contingent upon the position and industry. Likewise, discourse contains nonverbal components known as paralanguage, which incorporate variables like voice quality, feeling and talking style, just as the verbally expressed musicality, word sound or intonation and stress. Move is additionally viewed as a nonverbal correspondence. Similarly, composed writings have nonverbal components, for example, penmanship style, spatial plan of words, graphical or structure courses of action or the utilization of emojis. Be that as it may, a significant part of the investigation of nonverbal correspondence has concentrated on up close and personal cooperation, where it very well may be ordered into three fundamental centers: natural conditions where correspondence happens, the physical attributes of the speakers, and practices of the speakers during connection. While not a customarily characterized type of non-verbal correspondence, viable listening abilities are apparently the most valued arrangement of relational abilities for any specialist to create so as to make progress. Besides, successful listening abilities sway the expert circle, yet in addition the individual and enthusiastic wellbeing and by and large prosperity of an individual. Numerous specialists differ on the quantity of explicit segments that include a successful audience, yet there are sure key components that are commonly acknowledged as rules to make an audience increasingly viable and serve to improve the nature of correspondence between the included gatherings. Listening is one of those uncommon abilities that, since we can hear, we will in general accept that we can consequently tune in. However for some, individuals planning to encourage, listening is the most troublesome aptitude to ace. As I compose this I am recalling that one of todays very much worn clichã ©s, regularly utilized by the individuals who arent tuning in: I hear what you are stating, however So says Mr. Trevor Bentley, who has built up a quite certain arrangement of measures to characterize a viable audience. In his article, The uncommon aptitudes of tuning in, he expresses that particular circumstances require explicit reactions or set of listening abilities. As per Bentley, one can limit these occasions to six fundamental gatherings, which comprise of monolog, exchange, discussion, conversation, discussion, and contention. Websters characterizes a monolog to be an all-inclusive continuous discourse by a character in a dramatization. The character might be talking their musings so anyone might hear, legitimately tending to another character, or addressing the crowd, particularly the previous. Monologs are normal over the scope of emotional media (plays, films, liveliness, and so on.). In day by day life, a monolog alludes to that one person who talks ceaselessly upon all subjects, frequently immediately to consider the impact of any of their articulations upon those in their quick region. Then again, discourse is a communication of sorts, its ordinary premise and partner is a conversatio nal trade between at least two individuals. Presently, a discussion is by definition correspondence between different individuals. It is a social aptitude that can be cultivated by the normal person. Discussions are the perfect type of correspondence in certain regards, since they permit individuals with various perspectives on a theme to gain from each other. For a fruitful discussion, the accomplices must accomplish a functional parity of commitments. A fruitful discussion incorporates rehashing, replying, making and countering associations between the speakers or things and subjects that the speakers know. For this to occur, those taking part in discussion must discover a point on which the two of them can identify with in some sense. They talk or from individual experience or from others perceptions and information. Those taking part in discussion normally will in general relate different speakers articulations to oneself. They may embed parts of their lives into their answers, to identify with different people feelings or purposes of discussion. Once more, all these are instances of various types of tuning in. At last there are conversations, discussions, and contentions. While one can contend that these are for the most part raising types of a similar condition, the general significance and reference of these three words is a clarification of an issue or a point, thoroughly analyzed by consistent principles, and authentically asserted by influence and rationale to pronounce one perspective in preferable remaining over the other. Bentley prescribes that so as to expand correspondence in every one of these circumstances one should picked a level on which to listen once more, in light of the circumstance and to utilize a blend of order, facilitative and undivided attention to have the best correspondence happen. His eight phases of listening spread non-tuning in, inactive tuning in, critical tuning in, mindful tuning in, visual tuning in, intelligent tuning in, dynamic/inventive tuning in, and mandate tuning in. While the Bentley framework has extremely coherent and compelling answers for so me correspondence difficulties and circumstances, different specialists take a progressively natural and summed up perspective on successful tuning in and non-verbal correspondence. In the article Turn tuning in into an amazing nearness, Richard Harris expresses that Better-than-normal audience members are definitely mindful of the accompanying significant issues: organization, investigating deliberately, exertion, star occasions, compassion, killing snap decisions, and steadiness. Listening isn't in any way shape or form an inactive undertaking whenever rehearsed accurately or adequately. As an audience, one is continually attempting to get or comprehend the importance of the discussion, while managing all the non-verbal communicational hints on an inner mind level. In the event that you are blindfolded in a live with certain companions, you could take an interest in discussion effectively. Be that as it may, your reactions and comprehension could go from a tad off to very misled, contingent upon what number of viewable signals and motions you miss because of the blindfold. Undivided attention isn't simply creating reactions to sounds or responding to the inquiry. It requires the audience members to comprehend, decipher, and dissect what is hear d. Today, the capacity to listen is an important aptitude in relational correspondence. It improves individual connections by lessening clashes, reinforcing collaboration, just as cultivating understanding. Harris focuses on the significance of rehearsing the issues that emerge when holding a discussion, completely certain that a typical individual can adjust and gain proficiency with these procedures so as to turn into a progressively compelling communicator. At times successful listening is essentially ensuring that one is totally occupied with the discussion, suspending judgment, and causing assessments after all the issues to have been talked about. Nonetheless, it isn't normal for people to tune in this structure, and persistence and practice are key perspectives to creating characteristic listening aptitudes, which will in the end feel like a typical piece of the psychological aerobatic exhibition practiced consistently by any individual who must convey in any structure. Viable listening is fundamental for any individual who needs to perform at their best, work effectively and smoothly, and adapt adequately. Not many individuals understand that the craft of listening has an inseparable tie to instinct and little to do with the psychological vaulting of attempting to focus on the words themselves. As you consider tuning in to be a craftsmanship and discussion as something that makes magnificence, you will start to see how your own mus ings meddle with the experience. One master contends that the less reasoning that continues during a discussion, the more viable the audience is, on the grounds that a greater amount of the genuine discussion is held and ingested. (Gunn) This specific master expresses that in his own exploration, the more open and clear an individual is when occupied with discussion, the more review is accessible after the discussion. Instinct and sentiments are additionally critical to this specific scholar. For viable tuning in, this hypothesis expects one to be exceptionally mindful of the sentiments that are being propelled over the span of the discussion, to be put away in the memory and dissected after the discussion is finished, which one apparently will have more review thereof since one didn't get intellectually occupied by feelings or considerations during the discussion. Viable listening is likewise firmly identified with non-verbal communicational structures, for example, motions. Motions are another device that can be utilized to expand an audience members contribution on the discussion and its result. While this particular device is very culture based, it tends to be extremely viable when deciphered and polished effectively. One of the most widely recognized societies to utilize signals in the United States is the Latin Americans. Signals allo

Zara case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Zara case - Essay Example Additionally, the principle paper has likewise talked about how a few parts of gracefully anchor identify with explicit fragments of the market and their effect on the breath of the business including rivalry that leads into value varieties. Eventually, the paper has talked about a portion of the effects that happen because of increment in the number if the retailing chains and the conveyance outlets (Pisano and Adams, 2009). From the contextual analysis, realities can be drawn that flexibly chain procedure upgrades adjusted scorecard among clients and the association. It likewise guarantees that there are consistency and improvement in the estimation of creation. The examination has additionally given a knowledge how gracefully chain system must be set perfect with the market expectations. In addition, it attracts an arrangement to distinguish why there must be a legitimate connection between flexibly chain and the fulfillment of the clients (Pisano and Adams, 2009). With VF marks as a major aspect of the cases study, it has obviously been called attention to that a hierarchical achievement can without much of a stretch be accomplished when an organization is engaged in the sweeping advancement through discount and retail claimed

Some Tips on Writing an Essay About Yourself

Some Tips on Writing an Essay About YourselfDo you have some tips on writing an essay about yourself? If so, then you will be pleased to know that you have picked up a few big ones in the last minute. You can certainly use your essay as the introduction of a page or so to help introduce your expertise and to make sure that people get a good idea of what you are about.Having a well-written essay is only half the battle. As well as being an impressive introduction, it needs to present you in a way that makes you look good and gives people an idea of who you are. These tips on writing an essay about yourself will help you do this.The first of the tips on writing an essay about yourself is to ensure that the essay will speak for you. This means that you should be able to provide clear and useful information that people can use to form their own opinions about you. If they are left wanting for more information then you have failed.The second tip on writing an essay about yourself is to en sure that your essay will include the facts about you and why you are worth including in the essay. This may include facts about your experiences that others can relate to. The better you can relate to these facts the more the readers will get something out of your essay.The third tip on writing an essay about yourself is to make sure that the reader can relate to your thoughts, feelings and opinions. In other words, you should be able to have a dialogue with the reader about what you are writing about. By being able to talk back to the reader about what you have written will give the reader a sense of ownership over the essay.The fourth tip on writing an essay about yourself is to make sure that you feel that you are the subject of the essay. When you are writing about yourself, you are allowed to share your opinions and ideas as long as you do not put people down. The point of the essay is to reflect your experience and therefore should include your opinions about various things.T he fifth tip on writing an essay about yourself is to try and be specific. This means that you should make sure that you use specific words and phrases that people will find easy to remember. Also, ensure that the sentences you use are short and to the point.The final tip on writing an essay about yourself is to make sure that you know when to leave them out. This means that you should make sure that you do not include any personal anecdotes and never give specific dates. This may sound simple but if you were to list each entry as it is written then the reader will get the feeling that your essays are full of random details. This will only serve to make them feel uneasy and uncomfortable in general.

Postmodernism and Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Postmodernism and Media - Research Paper Example It would be the agreeable sequencing of subtleties to develop as one. Postmodernism has impacted a few if not all types of expressions of the human experience whether performed or composed. Others may see that postmodernism, in the more present day and in some mechanical viewpoint, to be influencing the internet based life as it could be influencing or repudiating the old style free enterprise. In this sense, however there is an amicable blend of change, there are additionally occasions that may have influenced different parts of the economy, government or the media itself.2 A hypothesis of postmodernism said to have articulated the â€Å"end of the real.† With the point of postmodernist to inject changes, it didn't guarantee any avoidance subsequently media isn't prohibited from these changes. A worry that can be achieved this is general society would be given a hard assignment of comprehending what is genuine and what isn't. In spite of the fact that this will draw out the i mpulses and interest of the crowd, individuals regularly tend to accept more what is seen instead of what is yet to be found through thorough perusing and examination. There can be different reasons and goals concerning why and what changes and complexities postmodernism acquaint with different media forms.Before, the main thing which could be anecdotal is the narrative of a specific film or arrangement. With the accessibility of innovation, as of now it is likewise conceivable that the characters in these types of media can an anecdotal or an enlivened one. Possibly during the initial scarcely any years or many years of postmodernism, the crowd were giving their complete consideration as to recognizing what new thoughts or advancements would be raised. This could be the negative impact of innovation in media as well as even with postmodernism. As time cruises by, individuals have seen what innovation can do to a film or an arrangement since none of the two are communicated or publi cized live. The film could have been altered, recorded and re-recorded a hundred times. There are occurrences that the versions and changes made to the film makes it very like different movies prior created. This could influence the capacity to focus of the viewers.5 As Jameson further expressed, â€Å"the similarity among media and market is in reality established by this system: it isn't on the grounds that the media resembles a market that the two things are equivalent; rather it is on the grounds that the â€Å"market† is as not normal for its â€Å"concept† (or Platonic thought) as the media is not normal for its own idea that the two things are tantamount. The media offers free projects with which the shopper must choose between limited options on the substance and grouping at all however the choice is then rebaptized â€Å"free choice.†6 Believing what is seen is more helpful for some instead of perusing an unending book which could lead no nothingness a nd further cluelessness. In spite of the fact that the crowds are progressively astute in contrast with crowds from earlier decades, there are as yet the individuals who couldn't recognize what is genuine and what isn't. For certain, media will consistently be the equivalent however not for Bignell as he arranged media to be old and new. Explaining on this thought, Bignell expressed that â€Å"

Where to Begin and What to Write For Essays

Where to Begin and What to Write For EssaysWriting papers can be a daunting task if you don't know what to write and where to find the needed tools. There are many schools around the world offering their services in writing papers. Some of these universities will even give you credit for your exams and help you get rid of those exam anxiety for good.A study on Writing papers will give you a clearer idea of the things that you need to know about paper writing. What is the right place to begin? This is a question that should be answered before you even get started. If you know where to begin from, then you are off to a good start.You might not have a background in the writing of essays, so it's not too bad if you haven't done one before. For you who have little knowledge in this field, do not worry as you can still try it out with your friends or colleagues. If you have no one in your circle to help you, you can try looking for help online.What kind of papers do you need to write? This is a question that you should answer first before anything else. This question should help you decide what kind of papers you need to write. It also helps you to know whether you need to specialize in any type of paper or not. This will help you determine whether you want to go for a specific style of paper writing or if you want to write a general paper with more formal style.What format should you write it in? Many of us think that we need to write a one page essay and that we need to do it in a certain way. However, it is important to remember that there are many different styles and formats to write an essay. So just because one style is common doesn't mean that it is the only way to write one.Look for the advice that you need on how to write your papers. Many online programs like that of Kaplan will teach you all the basics of writing essays that you need. You will have access to their tutorial and e-course material online and you can begin right away.Looking for an academic j ournal for writing ideas is another great way to learn and hone your skills in writing papers. These journals also offer a tutorial for their readers and this will also help you to gain knowledge about the most common essay formats. So what are you waiting for? You can get started right away.When you know how to write your papers and the style that suit you best, you can save yourself a lot of time and effort. Your work is not that difficult to finish as long as you know where to look for the required tools.

Difference Between the Way the Law Treats Married and Unmarried Couples - Free Essay Example

Discuss the difference between the way the law treats married and unmarried couples. Do you think there should be such differences legally? Does the law on cohabitation, marriage and divorce need reform? There are several ways in which married couples are treated differently to unmarried couples. Most of the differences occur in respect of money issues and generally become apparent on the death of one of the parties or when the parties separate . Issues that are handled differently with married couples include capital gains tax , wills , inheritance tax , pensions and issues where children are involved. This includes children from former relationships as well as from their present relationship . When examining the law surrounding capital gains tax and inheritance tax the law will treat unmarried couples as two separate individuals when dealing with these matters. By treating them this way they are taxed individually. In situations were the couple are married capital gains tax and inheritance tax would be avoided altogether. An unmarried couple would have to pay both if one of the partners dies. When assessing capital gains tax according to tax legislation all people have an allowance of  £8,000 before they have to pay tax. Married couples get allowed twice this amount per year and can avoid paying such tax by transferring assets to the partner who earns the lowest . Unmarried couples are governed by the allowance a nd cannot avoid tax in this manner. Similarly the law on inheritance tax is set at  £285,000 for anyone who is not married. Inheritance tax includes the price of any property that is left to the beneficiary which makes it so that a lot of people will be subject to this tax given the recent huge increase in house prices. With married couples the whole of the estate can pass to the surviving spouse without being subjected to any inheritance tax regardless of the amount inherited . For those who are not married a will is essential as it would be unlikely for the partner to be able to inherit anything from their deceased partners estate without a will . Such a will has to specifically name the partner as a personal representative of the deceased in order for the surviving partner to be able to administer the will. In cases where unmarried couples have failed to make a will the partner has occasionally not received any property or money from the estate of the deceased . By con trast in cases where the couple are married and the parties have not made a will the estate and any other possessions of the deceased will automatically be awarded to the surviving spouse in cases where there are no children from the relationship . If they do have children then a proportion of the inheritance would be reserved for the children. Problems have also arisen in respect of pensions . The government has attempted to address this issue just recently but as yet the new proposals have not been implemented so it is debatable as to whether unmarried couple would be entitled to the pension or not. In general most employers do not consider cohabiting couples in respect of payments for death in service . Those who are cohabiting can make it so that their partner does benefit by naming the intended beneficiary in the policy . Couples who are not married can also face difficulties if one of the parties needs medical treatment. With a married couple the spouse is regarded as th e next of kin and can give permission for surgery or treatment if the other party is unable to do so because of their condition. With an unmarried couple the other party is not classed as the next of kin and therefore the hospital have to assume the role of deciding what treatment is in the best interests of the patient. Similarly if one of the parties dies the unmarried partner is not allowed to deal with the funeral arrangements unless there is no surviving next of kin to handle the arrangements. Unmarried partners are not entitled to register the death of their partner unless they were the one that came upon the partner after they died. They would not be able to register the death as the partner of the deceased and would merely be classed as the person authorised to arrange the funeral. Cohabiting couples can also face problems if the relationship comes to an end and they decide to separate. Some have made preparation for such eventualities by drawing up cohabitation agreement s . Within a cohabitation agreement the couple can include how the property and items within the property should be distributed in the event of the couple deciding to split up. One of the biggest areas of contention usually concerns the house on which the couple have been living. Both married and unmarried couples can reside in the property either as tenants in common or as joint tenants. Where the property is registered in the names of both parties they each will have equal shares regardless of whether they are married or not. Difficulties arise where the property has only been registered in one name. In some instances the courts will be asked to decide whether the property should belong to the name person only or whether the other party should be entitled to a share. The courts are free to infer joint ownership using the principle of implied or constructive trusts . A constructive trust could be inferred if the actions of the parties would appear to suggest that they expected t o have an interest in the property. This assumption can be made from evidence showing direct contribution to the household bills or to repairs in the property . Evidence that money was paid towards the purchase price could lead to the presumption of a resulting trust which would entitle that party to a direct share of the property. With a married couple the courts will often allow the spouse to remain in the family home regardless of whether the property has been registered in that persons name or not . The Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Act 1979 s37 entitles married partners to remain in the home even if the property was only registered in one of the couples names. It is not only mortgaged or owned properties that can cause these problems. Rented accommodation can be problematic especially with local authority housing as the council will often not allow the property to transfer to the partner not named on the agreement if the couple are not married. Married couples are more fortunate and it is more likely that the council would allow the transfer to a spouse . Difficulties with transferring rented properties to unmarried partners have occurred on a number of occasions and also affect same sex couples as well as heterosexuals . Jointly owned properties can be transferred to either spouse or partner at the order of the courts, and particular regard is likely to be given to the issue of children within the relationship. In some instances the court will order that the property is to be settled, especially where there are children to consider. With a settled property the parent with control of the child would be entitled to remain in the property until that child attains the age of 18 .After this time the property would be ordered to be sold and the profit from the equity to be split. A further issue that is different for married couples to unmarried couples is that with a married couple the wife is usually entitled to financial support for both her and her children . An unmarried person is less likely to be granted financial support. Most unmarried couples find it difficult to prove that they were a couple. When making awards to unmarried couples the courts will look for evidence that the couple were acting in a manner that could be regarded as a marriage . It is the responsibility of the couple to provide the necessary proof to demonstrate that they regarded themselves as though they were married. Failure to provide this proof can lead to the courts rejecting any application with regards to the family home or financial support of any kind . Difficulties can also arise in respect of children from the relationship in situations where the parents are not married. With a married couple both parents will have automatic parental responsibility for any children born inside the marriage . Unmarried couples are treated differently with the father of the child only being granted parental responsibility if he attends with the nat ural mother to register the birth or if he applies to the courts for parental responsibility in cases where the mother refuses to allow him to have parental parental responsibility. Registering the childs birth is also different depending on whether the couple are married or not. Under s9 of the Registration of Births and Deaths Regulations 1987 the birth must be registered by a qualified informant. Married couples are both classed as qualified informants . In an unmarried couple situation only the mother is a qualified informant and the father can only appear on the childs birth certificate if the natural mother agrees to him being included. An unmarried father would only be entitled to register either by a statutory declaration made by the natural mother or through a court order . The government has attempted to address the unfairness in the present system for same sex cohabiting couples through the introduction of the Civil Partnership Act 2004. The introduction of this Act only affects those that have undergone a civil ceremony to have their relationship formally recognised. For those that have had a civil ceremony legislation protects their rights with regard to property and finances in much the same way as with married couples. At present the government has still got to ratify the Relationships (Civil Registration) Bill. This commenced its journey through Parliament in 2002 but as yet has not been made law. Once the Act is passed cohabiting couples will have similar protection to married couples despite there having been no formal ceremony undertaken. There have been many objections to this Bill, the most important of these being the assertion that allowing the Bill to be passed would undermine the whole notion of marriage. Many believe that if the Bill becomes law there will no longer be a need for anyone to get married as they can acquire the same rights as married couples by relying on the Bill. The Bill if introduced would entitle cohabit ing couples to register their relationship in a similar way to marriage which would give them tights in respect of inheritance, housing problems, pensions, social security payments and immigration as well as other areas. Under the Bill if the couple decide to separate then the registered partnership could be dissolved twelve months after dissolution has been applied for. The Solicitors Family Law Association has backed the proposal for new laws on cohabiting couples. They believe that the existing law is too ambiguous and does not adequately meet the needs of those who have chosen not to marry but to cohabit. Concern has been raised that the proposed Bill would effectively amend social security legislation and place registered partners in the same position financially as married couples. The Law Commission in their paper in July 2007 entitled Cohabitation: The Financial Consequences of Relationship Breakdown examined couples living together outside of marriage to decide whethe r any remedies could be suggested to make things more equal for couples when they separate or one of the parties dies. They felt that financial provision should be made under the Children Act 1989 where there are children from the relationship. They also felt that in circumstances where the cohabitant dies intestate the surviving partner should have automatic rights to inherit. At present cohabitants can only benefit from the estate under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 which will grant them a discretionary award on the basis of the needs of the surviving partner. Argument has surrounded providing further protection through legislation for cohabiting heterosexual couples on the basis that it would be unfair to give them the same rights as married couples and not have the same hurdles for them to overcome in the event of the relationship breaking down. At present married couples wishing to end their relationship have to go through the formal process of divorce which can be extremely costly. Cohabiting couples can just go their separate ways without the need to make the separation formal. Under the Civil Partnership Act 2004 same sex couples have to undergo the equivalent of a divorce in order to dissolve the relationship. It is difficult to reach a firm conclusion as to whether the law in this area required revising as the argument that a cohabiting couple should marry if they want to protect their rights seems to be a very valid proposition. Couples who choose to cohabit often do so because of the ease at which the relationship can be brought to an end in the event of things going wrong in the relationship. Simplifying the law on divorce and reducing the amount it costs to obtain a divorce might encourage more cohabiting couples to get married. The removal of tax benefits such as the MIRAS scheme has also meant that many couples that might previously have married to gaining such benefits no longer feel the need to. The r ecent changed in the law in respect of parental responsibility have also done little to promote marriage as a positive element. Previously parental responsibility could only be obtained through an order of the court. Since December 2003 the father of the child gains automatic parental responsibility if they are named as the father on the birth certificate at the time that the baby is registered. It could be argued that not protecting the rights of unmarried couples is tantamount to forcing them to enter into a marriage in order to receive the benefits attached to married couples. However, the counter argument from those opposed to cohabitation is that the ceremony is only a formality and that if the couple intend to stay together regardless then it should not matter if they are made to undergo a formal marriage ceremony. The conclusion that can be drawn from the above is that there is a great deal of unfairness in the way that cohabiting couples are treated as opposed to marri ed couples. By providing legislation to protect their rights in a similar manner to the rights of married couples would undermine the whole purpose of marriage and make it more tempting for couples to opt for cohabitation as opposed to marriage as it is easier and less costly to get out of a cohabiting relationship then a married one. Simplification in divorce proceedings and a less costly way of handling divorce might give cohabiting couples the necessary incentive to undergo a formal marriage ceremony. Bibliography Cretney, S.M Masson, J M, Principles of Family Law, 6th Ed, 1997, sweet Maxwell Gravells, N P, Land Law Text and Materials, 2nd Ed, 1999, Sweet Maxwell Inns of Court School of Law, Family Law in Practice, 5th Ed, 2001, Oxford University Press Oldham, M ¸ Statutes on Family Law, 10th Ed, 2002, Blackstones The Child Support Agency, Child Support Handbook 2001/2002 CSA Standards of Service The Law Commission in their paper in July 2007 entitled Cohabitation: The Financial Consequences of Relationship Breakdown Thomas, M, Statutes on Property Law, 8th Ed, 2001, Blackstones https://www.oneplusone.org.uk https://news.bbc.co.uk https://www.hmrc.gov.uk https://www.taxationweb.co.uk https://www.crossmans.co.uk Table of Cases Crake v Supplementary Benefits Commission [1982] 1 All ER 498 Drake v Whipp [1996] 1 FLR 826 Fitzpatrick v Sterling Housing Association Ltd [2001] 1 A.C. 27 [1999] 3 W.L.R. 1113 [1999] 4 All E.R. 705 [1999] 2 F.L.R. 1027 [2 000] 1 F.L.R. 271 [2000] 1 F.C.R. 21 [2000] U.K.H.R.R. 25 7 B.H.R.C. 200 (2000) 32 H.L.R. 178 [2000] L. T.R. 44 [2000] Fam. Law 14 [1999] E.G.C.S. 125 (1999) 96(43) L.S.G. 3 [1999] N.P.C. 127 (2000) 79 P. C.R. D4 Times, November 2, 1999 Independent, November 2, 1999 Gissing v Gissing [1971] AC 886 H v M ( Property: Beneficial Interest) [1992] 1 FLR Leadbetter v Leadbetter [1985] FLR 789 Lloyds Bank Plc v Rosset [1991] 1 AC 107 Mesher v Mesher [198] 1 All ER 126 Ungurian v Lesnoff [1990] Ch 206 Table of Statutes Administration of Estates Act 1925 Children Act 1989 Family Law Act 1996 Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1994 Law of Property Act 1925 Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Act 1979 Pensions Act 2004 Registration of Births and Deaths Regulations 1987 Relationships (Civil Registration) Bill Will Act 1837 Fraud Order 202655 This essay/coursework/dissertation was stolen from UK Essays, call 0115 966 7955 to speak to a Fraud Officer now for more details. We have made it available for use as a study resource. Date Of Order: 14/12/07 Date Paid: 17/12/07 Email Address Used: [email  protected]/* */ Likely Course: Law Level Of Study: University Level

College essay topics to write about Herfindahl-Hirschman Index - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1097 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Question: The Herfindahl Index coefficient and Gini coefficient are tools used in the analysis of industry concentration. Giving examples, assess their respective contribution to our understanding of industry structure. A numerical approach to understanding economic structures has been the basis for the development of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and Gini coefficient. The concentration and industry structure are easily conceivable from a combination of these two indexes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "College essay topics to write about Herfindahl-Hirschman Index" essay for you Create order The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index measures the size of the top 50 firms in the industry relative to the market. This comparison is in the form of a sum of the squares of their market shares. The primary basis behind the index is to understand the existing market structure based on the relative market shares of the top 50 (or all, if less than 50) firms. The coefficient will tend to be very high in case there is an oligopolistic market structure in which a small proportion of the firms will be holding large market shares. However, if the market is such that the top 50 firms have small and roughly equal market shares, the coefficient will be very low. The difference between the two market structures is easily understandable by looking at the value of the coefficient. An oligopolistic market will generally have an H-H index of above 1800. This would mean that the market is concentrated and the top 50 firms have a significant majority share of the market. An industry with an H-H index of between 1,000 and 1,800 is assumed to be moderately concentrated i.e. there is a fair degree of distribution of market share with a few firms standing out slightly above the others. A market with just one firm serving the entire market (monopoly) will have an index value of 10,000. The minimum index value is of course close to zero assuming a perfect competitive market. The differences in these index values explain a lot about the industry and are often used to estimate the division of wealth between firms. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of the automobile industry in the U.S. is in between 1,800 and 10,000. This is because of the fact that the industry has a lot of large players with significant market shares. However, the use of the Gini coefficient is more pertinent in measuring the distribution of wealth between firms in an industry. The division of the US automobile industry is also supported by the Gini coefficient. Intuitively, the Gini coefficient is a measure of the r elative dispersion of wealth in an industry. It measures the level of inequality of distribution of wealth in an industry. A Gini coefficient of 0 signifies perfect equality of wealth meaning that all firms in the industry have equal wealth. However, a perfect inequality of wealth is denoted by a Gini coefficient of 1. While theoretically it is impossible to have industries with Ginis of 0 and 1, the extent to which they are close to either of these benchmarks denotes the concentration of the industry. The US automobile sector has a Gini well above 0.5 denoting that the industry is concentrated and there is significant inequality of wealth amassed by the automobile firms. The combinatory use of the two indexes gives a clearer picture of the degree to which different firms have a share of the market and the extent of income equality (or inequality) relative to a perfect equality of wealth distribution. Question: In the market for air travel, why might a high degree of price discrimination lead to an improvement in both allocative and technical efficiency, and yet a reduction in consumer surplus? A high degree of price discrimination in the airline industry results in an increase in the producer surplus. This is because of the fact that a producer is able to capitalize on the prices that the consumer is willing to pay instead of the equilibrium price for the market lying above the equilibrium. is price methodology would raise allocative efficiency because the airlines will be using the appropriate consumption bundle on the consumers indifference curve. This would lead to maximizing utility in terms of each individual using the airlines service; Instead of maximizing output for the airline, it would mean reaching the optimum production level. The phenomenon of discriminatory pricing is also known as labelled as perfect price discrimination because of the fact that it matches a perfect competition market also completely. The optimum quantity for the airline would form the isoquant line while the budget line for the production would be denoted by the isocost line. The pr ice discrimination strategy would mean that the budget line would meet the optimum production quantity i.e. the isocost would equal the isoquant. This would denote the optimum quantity which would however reduce the consumer surplus instead of raising it. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that the supply curve in this strategy would change for each consumer. The supply curve will be higher or lower for each consumer depending on the price discrimination level; they would be matching the customers characteristics. Thus, this would result in an increase in the producer surplus at the expense of the consumer surplus. While the total surplus would remain unchanged, a portion of the consumer surplus would be converted to the producer surplus. This is the basic reason for a decrease in the consumer surplus even though technical and allocative efficiency may be rising. The technical efficiency would rise because of the price discrimination strategy: the output of the airli ne would increase even though the inputs would remain the same. This increase in technical efficiency is complemented by allocative efficiency. The rise in allocative efficiency can be explained by the fact that the consumers measure of the utility of the airlines service would increase. The price discrimination strategy would enable the airline to charge different prices to each consumer based on their utility. Since the prices would be matching the utility of the customer, the net utility derived from producing the optimum quantity (where isocost would equal isoquants). The following graph displays this phenomenon: Thus, it is possible for an airline to improve allocative and technical efficiency using a price discrimination strategy and at the same time experience decreasing consumer surplus. Bibliography Cleaver T, 2004, Economics: The Basics, Routledge. Brittanica, 1994, Isocosts and Isoquants, Accessed May 16, 2010 from: https://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/42/142-004-2E61196E.gif Jones, Chris, 2009, Financial economics. London: Routledge. Just, R.; Hueth, D. Schmitz, A. 2002, Applied Welfare Economics and Public Policy, Prentice Hall. Krugman P, 2000, The return of depression Economics, W. W. Norton and Company. Mankiw N.G., 2010, Macroeconomics, Palgrave Macmillan. Riddell, Tom Shackelford, Jean A., 2007, Economics: a tool for critically understanding society, Addison Wesely.

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation and Example

You can calculate the pH of a buffer solution or the concentration of the acid and base using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Heres a look at the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and a worked example that explains how to apply the equation. Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates pH, pKa, and molar concentration (concentration in units of moles per liter): apH pK log ([A-]/[HA]) [A-] molar concentration of a conjugate base [HA] molar concentration of an undissociated weak acid (M) The equation can be rewritten to solve for pOH: pOH pKb log ([HB]/[ B ]) [HB] molar concentration of the conjugate base (M) [ B ] molar concentration of a weak base (M) Example Problem Applying the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Calculate the pH of a buffer solution made from 0.20 M HC2H3O2 and 0.50 M C2H3O2- that has an acid dissociation constant for HC2H3O2 of 1.8 x 10-5. Solve this problem by plugging the values into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a weak acid and its conjugate base. pH pKa log ([A-]/[HA]) pH pKa log ([C2H3O2-] / [HC2H3O2]) pH -log (1.8 x 10-5) log (0.50 M / 0.20 M) pH -log (1.8 x 10-5) log (2.5) pH 4.7 0.40 pH 5.1

Analysis of Music´s Deadly Influence by CWA (Concerned...

The CWA (or Concerned Women for America) released an article named Musics Deadly Influence in August 3, 1999. The article was released when the music industry would be at a peak in its involvement within society. The TV had channels for music, CD players and various walkmans were top selling, and music could be acquired anywhere including the internet. The intention of this article was to serve as a general warning to parents and various other authority figures about the music industry and its effect on youth. The article was released under the CWA, which is an organization founded on action and prayer by Beverly LaHaye, and possesses a reputation in primarily right-wing views in the news and in political issues . This article fails†¦show more content†¦values are used to extend the problem according to cultural critic Stan Cohen . This creates the false fear that the article creates. Other deterrents such as the title of the article are present, Musics Deadly influence, thi s creates a negative and fearsome light for the issue before the consumer has even read it. The issue does not halt at music according to the article, which makes the article broaden its scope. It implicates the media in a very negative connotation, stating that visual media is in the mix of this deadly influence, and creates a cause-and-effect relationship between media violence and real-life violence . This factor contributes to the encompassing nature that the article brings to the problem in the CWAs article. Throughout the article there are the previously mentioned highlights of the document, and the highlights include assumptions made about the connection of youth to violence, and the connections disregarded in order to strengthen their claims. Some of the points include a fact from a Dr. Joseph Steussy, who is a credited professor of music history, who confirm[ed] that music affects behavior, psychologically and physiologically . This is a general statement, which is a fact , but misused in its context and certain other factors are overlooked. Music is a type of stimulus, which does affect youth. However comparing music andShow MoreRelated Musical Influence on a Violent Society Essay2671 Words   |  11 PagesMusical Influence on a Violent Society The event in Littleton, Colorado, 5 years ago was a shocking wake up call to our society. Because of Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold’s fanaticism with artists such as Marilyn Manson, music was labeled as the culprit for negatively influencing the youth of America. Music is a tool of expression that an artist uses to vent their frustrations and to reveal their emotions. However, these artists do not see the moral boundary that they have crossed with their

Book 1984 Analysis Conspiracies in the US, John F. Kennedy

A conspiracy is a â€Å"secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful† (Conspiracy.). One of the most conspiracy filled events in history just happens to be the John F. Kennedy assassination. Some ideas are way out there, but others sound like they might have at least a hint of truth in them. The book 1984, relates to a few of these schemes of how and such an event would happen, but even more importantly how it was covered up. In the book they were masterminds at covering up events and it is now my job to figure out how this book is similar to the JFK assassinations. To understand these conspiracies, one must know the events that happened on this fateful day. John Fitzgerald Kennedy, who was our thirty fifth†¦show more content†¦Another interesting conspiracy is that the mob was involved in the whole assassination. To be more specific it is widely thought to be Carlos Marcello who was the head of the Cuban mafia. It is said that the mafia was mad at John and Robert Kennedy for their effort to wipe out organized crime. It is said that a few CIA agents had taken part in the conspiracy. (Whether Its CIA, Mafia, LBJ or Even Aliens, JFK Assassination Conspiracy Theories Never Die.) This is a little farfetched as far as how little evidence there is to prove this true. Regardless this would explain why Jack Ruby shot Oswald as to tie up loose ends. Numerous mobsters have â€Å"confessed† to being part of the JFK assassination all from different mafia’s ( Whether Its CIA, Mafia, LBJ or Even Aliens, JFK Assassination Conspiracy Theories Never Die.). Even though it is highly unlikely there is still a possibility that there might be truth in this. The last and most important conspiracy to discuss is the idea that Lyndon B. Johnson (Kennedy’s Vice President) was behind the whole thing and planned it out in order to get the presidential seat. LBJ had the perfect opportunity in Texas which is his home state. Johnson and his friends controlled much of the tours details. He is said to have hired gunmen to shoot Kennedy from the now notorious grassy knoll. (JFK Conspiracy Theorist Points Finger at LBJ.) This suggests that there is more thanShow MoreRelated The Myths of Vietnam Essay5554 Words   |  23 Pageslost it. . . . The doves version, contrarily, remains that the war was unwise and unwinnable no matter what strategy was employed or how much firepower was used. . . Both of these versions of the war and the antiwar movement as they have come down to us are better termed myths than versions of history because they function less as explanations of reality than as new justifications of old positions and the emotional investments that attended them (Garfinkle, 7). Pro-war or Anti- war. In the generationRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . 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Why People Choose A Specific Profession - 999 Words

Why Social Work There are many reasons why people choose a specific profession. One possibility in choosing a particular career based on a personal experience, personal values, or important relationships with people. These factors help guide one to decide what profession will best fit him or her. For instance, one who has dealt with a rare disorder such as Guillain-Barrà © Syndrome, a rare condition that weakens the and affects the nervous system, may want to be a doctor or a physical therapist and provide assistance for those with rare disorders. Regarding social work, there have been factors which guided me into choosing this field as my future profession. I am an African-American woman who was raised in a Christian household. Growing up, I lived with both of my parents and my two sisters. We are a close-knit family. My parents made it their primary goal to instill in us religious beliefs by having us attend church as well as bible studies each week. 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A Family Argument free essay sample

A Family Argument What was it about? Why did the argument start? When did it take place? Who were involved? Where did it happen? How was the problem solved? My family subscribes to the philosophy that family arguments, though unpleasant, are healthy and even necessary. Like my father says, they are like antibodies that fight virus in human body and eventually some good may result. My otherwise close knit family polarized by the fact that I have always been my fathers pet while my brother, Bernie, is mums pet. On one occasion, this gave rise to arguments but the differences were resolved eventually. I used to resent the fact that I had to help out with most of the household chores while Bernie got away with only some light task. Things came to a head after a family party when my mother and I went to wash up more than fifty dishes, while my brother decided to watch a late-night movie. We will write a custom essay sample on A Family Argument or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Seething with anger, I deliberately banged the dishes and pans while I washed them to create a racket to disrupt his enjoyment of the movie. Then, my brother stomped nto the kitchen, yelled at me and told me to keep it quiet. Hey! Why dont you show me how to wash all these without making a noise! I restored. Why should I? he asked without taking the bait. IVe already helped out during the party, serving everybody dinner while you were flirting with the boys! Anyway, it is a girls Job to do housework. He walked out of the kitchen triumphantly. His baseless allegations and sexist remarks riled me Just like he wanted. In my anger, I slammed the dishes even harder and stormed into the living room, switched off the TV and insisted that my brother apologized to me for making that rude statement. All this while, my mother kept reminding me that neighbors were sleeping. My father, who agreed with me that Bernie was rude, said that he should apologize. This was when Bernie went against my father and said that he always took my side. My father replied that the reason he did so was because Bernie had been spoiled by my mother. My mother lost her temper at being accused of incompetent parenting much that I was bold enough to be rude to my elder brother. The next thing we knew, everybody started yelling at the same time. My grandmother who was patiently observing all these from her room hit her walking stick on the iron grills to get out attention. Shame on all of you! Arguing children at this time of the night! Of course everybody is stressed out from the work we put into the party. This wouldnt have happened if all of you chipped in and cleaned up the house. She then delegate each of us a task in the kitchen, which proved that many hands made light work. Still Fuming with anger, we quietly retreated into the kitchen and carried out our assigned tasks. The comical part that as we worked together, the tension dissipated and by the end, it was Just too ridiculous to stay angry. We ended up laughing instead. The irony was that although Bernie had to swallow the bitter pill of being forced to do his share of housework, he soon discovered that he enjoyed it and my parents learnt to treat us as equals. Please consider what are the themes of this essay? Eg, Equality, Inequality, Conflict, Argument, Rage, Cooperation, Fairness, Discord, Anger, Predicament, Pride, Dignity, Change, Perseverance, Reward, Stubbornness. Amending the introduction: I have always wanted to change my brothers bad attitude. I have tried to talk to him and my parents many times but nothing changed. Nevertheless, I still persevered, hoping he would change. One fine day, my perseverance finally got its reward. My brother was very proud and stubborn and never helped in household chores. His pride was beyond description. However, one incident changed him drastically for good.

Cochlear Implants free essay sample

A definition of cochlear implants and the effect such implants have on childhood development. The paper defines a cochlear implant as a device which converts sound waves into electric signals and thus allows the hearing impaired to hear at a greater level than a hearing aid provides. The paper discusses the effects that cochlear implants have on childhood development, focusing on children from one to four years of age. The paper explores the issues of speech recognition/language, academic concerns, social ramifications and family relationships. The University of Michigan performed the largest study ever on Cochlear implants and released the findings in January of last year. Researchers found that children who are implanted with cochlears before the age of four are able to achieve high levels of speech recognition and language skills. Dr. Paul Kileny establishes that research shows a significant difference in speech recognition between those who got their implants between the ages of 2 and 4 years, during the critical language development period, and those who received them later. We will write a custom essay sample on Cochlear Implants or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He concluded that people who receive the implant early in life get the greatest benefits.

Sample Essay on Short Term Goals

Sample Essay on Short Term GoalsA sample essay on short term goals is a great way to help the students have the confidence to achieve their short term goals. One can easily have an essay on a brief and simple topic that covers the basic concepts of achievement. These concepts can be related to objectives set in the longer term objectives of the student.The reason why it is very important to have a sample essay on short term goals is because it is a clear picture of what a short term goal is. A lot of times when an individual has a short term goal, they may not get the task or the opportunity they are after due to busy schedules or time limitations. A student who knows how to write an essay on short term goals will always be able to accomplish the task because they know how to take the easy route and write.If you are trying to write a short term goals, there are a few things that you should look for to determine if you are going to write the essay successfully. A lot of times you are going to need to practice your writing skills so you can get rid of any potential errors that may come up. This is where a sample essay on short term goals can help.The first thing that you should consider when writing an essay on a short term goal is the purpose of the writing. It is usually the case that a lot of students want to do well in exams and to pass. However, they don't have the motivation or confidence to get their goals done. A good sample essay on short term goals will help them overcome this problem and make sure that they are able to put into action their goals that they have set.A good sample essay on short term goals is also going to help them determine how to organize the content of the essay. It can be an easy task to just include objectives. However, you may not need to write them as simply as you can.The next thing that you will need to consider is that you need to write in a very systematic manner. The reason for this is that course repetition is going to occu r throughout the essays. However, this repetition should be covered in a very methodical way. Remember, you will be repeating a lot of information so it is important that you are able to manage to do so in a very methodical manner.The last aspect that you should consider when writing a sample essay on short term goals is to ensure that the essay flows well. In most cases, you are going to be introducing some objectives and some steps that are going to follow that are going to assist you to have the knowledge to achieve the short term goals that you have set. You need to ensure that these steps are introduced well so you will be able to relate them to other essays you will be writing.As I mentioned earlier, a sample essay on short term goals can be used to help you prepare for an exam that you have been given. The purpose is to help you be able to improve your writing skills and be able to improve your understanding of short term goals and the techniques that are needed to successful ly accomplish them.

Ancient Olmec Culture

Ancient Olmec Culture The Olmec culture thrived along Mexico’s Gulf Coast from approximately 1200-400 B.C. The first great Mesoamerican culture, it had been in decline for centuries before the arrival of the first Europeans, therefore, much information about the Olmecs has been lost. We know the Olmecs primarily through their art, sculpture, and architecture. Although many mysteries remain, ongoing work by archaeologists, anthropologists, and other researchers has given us something of a glimpse into what Olmec life might have been like. Olmec Food, Crops, and Diet The Olmecs practiced basic agriculture using the slash-and-burn technique, in which overgrown plots of land are burned: this clears them for planting and the ashes act as fertilizer. They planted many of the same crops seen in the region today, such as squash, beans, manioc, sweet potatoes, and tomatoes. Maize was a staple of the Olmec diet, although it is possible that it was introduced late in the development of their culture. Whenever it was introduced, it soon became very important: one of the Olmec Gods is associated with maize. The Olmecs avidly fished from nearby lakes and rivers. Clams, alligators, and various types of fish were an important part of their diet. The Olmecs preferred to make settlements near water, as the floodplains were good for agriculture and fish and shellfish could be had more easily. For meat, they had domestic dogs and the occasional deer. A vital part of the Olmec diet was nixtamal, a special sort of corn meal ground with seashells, lime or ashes, the addition of which greatly enhances the nutritional value of the cornmeal. Olmec Tools In spite of only having Stone Age technology, the Olmecs were able to make several sorts of tools which made their life easier. They used whatever was at hand, such as clay, stone, bone, wood or deer antlers. They were skilled at making ​pottery: vessels and plates used for storing and cooking food. Clay pots and vessels were extremely common among the Olmec: literally, millions of potsherds have been discovered in and around Olmec sites. Tools were mostly made of stone and include basic items such as hammers, wedges, mortar-and-pestles and mano-and-metate grinders used for mashing corn and other grains. Obsidian was not native to the Olmec lands, but when it could be had, it made excellent knives. Olmec Homes The Olmec culture is remembered today in part because it was the first Mesoamerican culture to produce small cities, most notably San Lorenzo and La Venta (their original names are unknown). These cities, which have been extensively investigated by archaeologists, were indeed impressive centers for politics, religion, and culture, but most ordinary Olmecs did not live in them. Most common Olmecs were simple farmers and fishermen who lived in family groups or small villages. Olmec homes were simple affairs: generally, one large building made of earth packed around poles, which served as a sleeping area, dining room, and shelter. Most homes probably had a small garden of herbs and basic foods. Because the Olmecs preferred to live in or near flood plains, they built their homes on small mounds or platforms. They dug holes in their floors to store food. Olmec Towns and Villages Excavations show that smaller villages consisted of a handful of homes, most likely inhabited by family groups. Fruit trees such as zapote or papaya were common in villages. Larger excavated villages often have a central mound of greater size: this would be where the home of a prominent family or local chieftain was built, or perhaps a small shrine to a god whose name is now long-forgotten. The status of the families that made up the village could be discerned by the how far they lived from this town center. In larger towns, more remains of animals such as dog, alligator, and deer have been found than in smaller villages, suggesting that these foods were reserved for local elites. Olmec Religion and Gods The Olmec people had a well-developed religion. According to archaeologist Richard Diehl, there are five aspects of Olmec religion, including a well-defined cosmos, a shaman class, sacred places and sites, identifiable gods and specific rituals and ceremonies. Peter Joralemon, who has studied the Olmecs for years, has identified no fewer than eight gods from surviving Olmec art. Common Olmecs who worked the fields and caught fish in the rivers probably only participated in religious practices as observers, because there was an active priest class and the rulers and ruling family most likely had specific and important religious duties. Many of the Olmec gods, such as the Rain God and Feathered Serpent, would go on to form part of the pantheon of later Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the Aztec and Maya. The Olmec also played the ritualistic Mesoamerican ball game. Olmec Art Most of what we know about the Olmec today is due to surviving examples of Olmec art. The most easily recognizable pieces are the massive colossal heads, some of which are nearly ten feet tall. Other forms of Olmec art that have survived include statues, figurines, celts, thrones, wooden busts and cave paintings. The Olmec cities of San Lorenzo and La Venta most likely had an artisan class who worked on these sculptures. Common Olmecs likely produced only useful art such as pottery vessels. Thats not to say that the Olmec artistic output did not affect the common people, however: the boulders used to make the colossal heads and thrones were quarried many miles from the workshops, meaning that thousands of commoners would be pressed into service to move the stones on sledges, rafts, and rollers to where they were needed. Importance of Olmec Culture Understanding the Olmec culture is very important to modern-day researchers and archaeologists. First of all, the Olmec was the mother culture of Mesoamerica, and many aspects of Olmec culture, such as gods, glyphic writing, and artistic forms, became part of later civilizations such as the Maya and Aztecs. Even more importantly, the Olmec were one of only six primary or pristine civilizations in the world, the others being ancient China, Egypt, Sumeria, the Indus of India and the Chavin culture of Peru. Pristine civilizations are those that developed somewhere without any significant influence from previous civilizations. These primary civilizations were forced to develop on their own, and how they developed teaches us a lot about our distant ancestors. Not only are the Olmecs a pristine civilization, they were the only ones to develop in a humid forest environment, making them a special case indeed. The Olmec civilization had gone into decline by 400 B.C. and historians arent exactly sure why. Their decline probably had much to do with wars and climate change. After the Olmec, several clearly post-Olmec societies developed in the Veracruz region. There is much that is still unknown about the Olmecs, including some very important, basic things such as what they called themselves (Olmec is an Aztec word applied to sixteenth-century dwellers in the region). Dedicated researchers are constantly pushing the boundaries of what is known about this mysterious ancient culture, bringing new facts to light and correcting errors previously made. Sources Coe, Michael D. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. Ancient Peoples and Places, Rex Koontz, 7th Edition, Thames Hudson, June 14, 2013. Cyphers, Ann. Surgimiento y decadencia de San Lorenzo, Veracruz. Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol XV - Num. 87 (Sept-Oct 2007). P. 30-35. Diehl, Richard A. The Olmecs: Americas First Civilization. London: Thames and Hudson, 2004. Grove, David C. Cerros Sagradas Olmecas. Trans. Elisa Ramirez. Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol XV - Num. 87 (Sept-Oct 2007). P. 30-35. Miller, Mary and Karl Taube. An Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. New York: Thames Hudson, 1993.

Indonesiaâ€History and Geography

Indonesia- History and Geography Indonesia has begun to emerge as an economic power in Southeast Asia, as well as a newly democratic nation. Its long history as the source of spices coveted around the world shaped Indonesia into the multi-ethnic and religiously diverse nation that we see today. Although this diversity causes friction at times, Indonesia has the potential to become a major world power. Capital and Major Cities Capital Jakarta, pop. 9,608,000 Major Cities Surabaya, pop. 3,000,000 Medan, pop. 2,500,000 Bandung, pop. 2,500,000 Serang, pop. 1,786,000 Yogyakarta, pop. 512,000 Government The Republic of Indonesia is centralized (non-federal) and features a strong President who is both Head of State and Head of Government. The first direct presidential election took place only in 2004; the president can serve up to two 5-year terms. The tricameral legislature consists of the Peoples Consultative Assembly, which inaugurates and impeaches the president and amends the constitution but does not consider legislation; the 560-member House of Representatives, which creates legislation; and the 132-member House of Regional Representatives who provide input on legislation that affects their regions. The judiciary includes not only a Supreme Court and Constitutional Court but also a designated Anti-Corruption Court. Population Indonesia is home to over 258 million people. It is the fourth most populous nation on Earth (after China, India and the US). Indonesians belong to more than 300 ethnolinguistic groups, most of which are Austronesian in origin. The largest ethnic group is the Javanese, at almost 42% of the population, followed by the Sundanese with just over 15%. Others with more than 2 million members each include: Chinese (3.7%), Malay (3.4%), Madurese (3.3%), Batak (3.0%), Minangkabau (2.7%), Betawi (2.5%), Buginese (2.5%), Bantenese (2.1%), Banjarese (1.7%), Balinese (1.5%) and Sasak (1.3%). Languages of Indonesia Across Indonesia, people speak the official national language of Indonesian, which was created after independence as a lingua franca from Malay roots. However, there are more than 700 other languages in active use throughout the archipelago, and few Indonesians speak the national language as their mother tongue. Javanese is the most popular first language, boasting 84 million speakers. It is followed by Sundanese and Madurese, with 34 and 14 million speakers, respectively. The written forms of Indonesias multitude of languages may be rendered in modified Sanskrit, Arabic or Latin writing systems. Religion Indonesia is the worlds largest Muslim country, with 86% of the population professing Islam. In addition, almost 9% of the population is Christian, 2% are Hindu, and 3% are Buddhist or animist. Nearly all of the Hindu Indonesians live on the island of Bali; most of the Buddhists are ethnic Chinese. The Constitution of Indonesia guarantees freedom of worship, but the state ideology specifies a belief in only one God. Long a commercial hub, Indonesia acquired these faiths from traders and colonizers. Buddhism and Hinduism came from Indian merchants; Islam arrived via Arab and Gujarati traders. Later, the Portuguese introduced Catholicism and the Dutch Protestantism. Geography With more than 17,500 islands, of which more than 150 are active volcanoes, Indonesia is one of the most geographically and geologically interesting countries on Earth. It was the site of two famous nineteenth-century eruptions, those of Tambora and Krakatau, as well as being the epicenter of the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami. Indonesia covers about 1,919,000 square kilometers (741,000 square miles). It shares land borders with Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and East Timor. The highest point in Indonesia is Puncak Jaya, at 5,030 meters (16,502 feet); the lowest point is sea level. Climate Indonesias climate is tropical and monsoonal, although the high mountain peaks can be quite cool. The year is divided into two seasons, the wet and the dry. Because Indonesia sits astride the equator, temperatures do not vary much from month to month. For the most part, coastal areas see temperatures in the mid to upper 20s Celsius (the low to mid-80s Fahrenheit) throughout the year. Economy Indonesia is the economic powerhouse of Southeast Asia, a member of the G20 group of economies. Although it is a market economy, the government owns significant amounts of the industrial base following the 1997 Asian financial crisis. During the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, Indonesia was one of the few nations to continue its economic growth. Indonesia exports petroleum products, appliances, textiles, and rubber. It imports chemicals, machinery, and food. The per capita GDP is about $10,700 US (2015). Unemployment is only 5.9% as of 2014; 43% of Indonesians work in industry, 43% in services, and 14% in agriculture. Nonetheless, 11% live below the poverty line. History of Indonesia Human history in Indonesia goes back at least 1.5-1.8 million years, as shown by the fossil Java Man - a Homo erectus individual discovered in 1891. Archaeological evidence suggests that Homo sapiens had walked across Pleistocene land bridges from the mainland by 45,000 years ago. They may have encountered another human species, the hobbits of the island of Flores; the exact taxonomic placement of the diminutive Homo floresiensis is still up for debate. Flores Man seems to have become extinct by 10,000 years ago. The ancestors of most modern Indonesians reached the archipelago around 4,000 years ago, arriving from Taiwan, according to DNA studies. Melanesian peoples already inhabited Indonesia, but they were displaced by the arriving Austronesians across much of the archipelago. Early Indonesia Hindu kingdoms sprang up on Java and Sumatra as early as 300 BCE, under the influence of traders from India. By the early centuries CE, Buddhist rulers controlled areas of those same islands, as well. Not much is known about these early kingdoms, due to the difficulty of access for international archaeological teams. In the 7th century, the powerful Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya arose on Sumatra. It controlled much of Indonesia until 1290 when it was conquered by the Hindu Majapahit Empire from Java. Majapahit (1290-1527) united most of modern-day Indonesia and Malaysia. Although large in size, Majapahit was more interested in controlling trade routes than in territorial gains. Meanwhile, Islamic traders introduced their faith to Indonesians in the trade ports around the 11th century. Islam slowly spread throughout Java and Sumatra, although Bali remained majority Hindu. In Malacca, a Muslim sultanate ruled from 1414 until it was conquered by the Portuguese in 1511. Colonial Indonesia The Portuguese took control of parts of Indonesia in the sixteenth century but did not have enough power to hang on to their colonies there when the much wealthier Dutch decided to muscle in on the spice trade beginning in 1602. Portugal was confined to East Timor. Nationalism and Independence Throughout the early 20th century, nationalism grew in the Dutch East Indies. In March of 1942, the Japanese occupied Indonesia, expelling the Dutch. Initially welcomed as liberators, the Japanese were brutal and oppressive, catalyzing nationalist sentiment in Indonesia. After Japans defeat in 1945, the Dutch tried to return to their most valuable colony. The people of Indonesia launched a four-year independence war, gaining full freedom in 1949 with U.N. help. The first two presidents of Indonesia, Sukarno (r. 1945-1967) and Suharto (r. 1967-1998) were autocrats who relied upon the military to stay in power. Since 2000, however, Indonesias president s  have been selected through reasonably free and fair elections.

Select two approaches to counselling which might be useful in Essay

Select two approaches to counselling which might be useful in education, and describe their assumptions and methods. Critically discuss their relevance and suitability for counselling in schools - Essay Example A theoretical approach presents a position that regards the theory and practice of counselling. A school of counselling can be viewed as a grouping of different theoretical approaches, which are similar to each other in terms of fundamental characteristics, which distinguishes them from theoretical approaches in counselling schools. The three main schools, which influence psychotherapy practice and contemporary counselling are usually separated into three overlapping and distinct traditions or schools of theoretical approach that have informed the practice of counselling. They are the humanistic school, the psychodynamic school and the cognitive/behavioral school (Greig, 2007). The humanistic/existential school has its roots in the works of pioneers such as Rogers, Moreno, Maslow, Berne, Binswanger, May, Perls and Boss characterized by a belief in self-actualization and choice. The humanistic school sometimes incorporate existential approach hence gets the broader title humanistic-existential school. It is based on humanism, a system of beliefs and values which emphasizes the better qualities of human beings and individuals’ abilities to develop their human potential. The humanistic counselors often emphasize enhancing clients’ abilities to reason and behave in harmony with their underlying habits to actualize themselves as unique characters. Describing humanistic/existential approach to the development of mental disorders is a considerable challenge. Humanistic approaches in many aspects are philosophical in nature, speak to the nature of the individual’s condition, deal with values and prefer a holistic view of the person. The humanistic/existential approaches evolved as a reaction to the determinism of the early models of psychopathology. Many psychologists were disturbed that Freudian theory did not touch on the inner world of the client but categorized the client according to preconceived diagnoses. They described a client in terms of psychic

Introduction to International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Introduction to International Business - Essay Example International trade and world output Free international trade facilitates the countries to specialize in the manufacture of the different goods based on the comparative cost advantage and the economies of scale due to various factors such as favorable climatic conditions, availability of raw materials, manpower and geographical location. The markets would be efficient on the global scale if there is free trade and there are no restrictions placed by the governments on the movement of goods by way of customs duties, taxes and quotas. When the world is moving towards this ideal situation, on its way the efficiency in the global markets will result into increased world output, depending upon the progress. However, various factors such as the need for protecting the agriculture and local industries, the goal of self-sufficiency, balance of payments situation and phase of the economic development of the country dictates the policies to be pursued by the governments. The world output is re lated to international trade, and for example during the times of depression, trade will contract on account of reduction in spending in general by the consumers, consequently the world output; and the revival in consumer spending will emerge when the consumer confidence increases once the recessionary pressures are over. However, the disadvantages due to poor infrastructure have an adverse impact on the economic development in the developing and the underdeveloped countries, and consequently on the international trade. Rich (1992, P. 10) states that there is the problem of the emerging and developing countries who confront the advanced countries with the disadvantage of lacking sufficient  industry and infrastructure to compete, yet competition is the means by which  they can develop their industrial basis and gain the technology for raising their  standards of living.    2. Broad pattern of international trade underpin There are several models for predicting the patterns o f trade. For example, comparative advantage which leads to specialization is based on the theory propounded by David Recardo. However, this Ricardian model of comparative advantage could be neutralized by several factors such as transportation costs and trade costs. Also, the increase in one or more of the components of the cost over a period of time could act as a barrier. Moreover, monetary policies pursued by the government takes into account the factors such as the overall balance of payment position, interest rates and inflation which may have a bearing on the comparative advantage (or disadvantage). This theory is also criticized on account of its assumption about the labor as the critical input. Also, the comparative advantage could be vitiated by the protectionist measures of the other countries. Theories such as ‘New Trade Theory’ and ‘Gravity model of trade’ are based on empirical analysis compared to the earlier theoretical models. The continuous shift in comparative advantage with reference to various products makes the international trade very dynamic and the pattern and the  basis for the balance of trade in goods and services  undergo changes over the period of time. Proudman and Redding (1998, p. 19) state: Theoretical models of growth and trade suggest that patterns of international specialisation are inherently dynamic and evolve endogenously over time. Economic theory pin-points some forces that leads to

Male and Female Roles in Society Essay Example for Free

Male and Female Roles in Society Essay Mozart Beethoven Within the classical style of music stand two well-known, well-versed composers: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. Both men were crucial, influential figures in the Classical era of music and composed works that are still held with great praise and dignity over 200 years later. To passive listeners, Mozart and Beethoven are very similar in their style and compositions. Although similarities do exist, their music and personal lives differed, most appropriately due to the periods in which they became famous. Mozart, considered the best and most successful composer of the Classical era, began his work at a time when classical music was prominent. Beethoven, meanwhile, was successful during the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras. Although hes considered an influential figure of the Classical era, he is also credited with developing a new style and pushing the boundaries of classical music. Because Beethoven was born when Mozart began composing his early successful works he was able to take advantage of learning and studying classical music when it was at its best. Both composers were born into highly-musical families. Their fathers were their first teachers who considered their sons musical prodigies. Sonically, their works were quite different. Its often said that Beethoven stands out more than Mozart in classical music, that his compositions are more complex are more in touch with personality and emotion. At the same time, it could be said that Mozart was ahead of his time. Beethoven borrowed many ideas from numerous composers before him, including Mozart; in adding his own touch he made his works loved then and now

The Extreme Right in Britain Essay -- Political Politics

The Extreme Right in Britain Introduction Perhaps, one of the highly debated issues in the electoral procedures of different European nations is about the extreme right. Based on the premise that the nation is the primary unit of social and political organization, extremist nationalism has been revived since the demise of communism. Unlike civic nationalism, which stresses equality and solidarity, the exaggerated, chauvinistic, and aggressive nationalism of the extreme right upholds the significance of the nation and national identity against any other value. Each person is defined by membership in ancient ethnic and cultural groups that are hierarchically arranged according to the "natural order." In the extreme rights’ view, violating this natural order through racial combination leads to corruption in society. Consequently, the extreme right portrays itself as the defender of the nation, protecting society's integrity and purity from the onslaught of foreigners and unwanted change. Therefore, national identity subordinates all other identifications; it divides good from evil and friend from enemy. It is a source of pride that right-wing extremists feel has been denied them by the state and liberals. The resurgence of extreme right parties gained its first sudden and dramatic momentum when the Front National (FN), led by Jean-Marie LePen, scored 11.2 percent in the 1984 European elections. This took many by surprise, including political and social scientists, most of whom at the time had expected rightist extremism to disperse altogether. Indeed, until the mid-1980s, the organized extreme right remained completely marginalized in Europe, enjoyed little political support, and performed poorly in elections. Even mor... ... as Compared with Previous Ones. Jerusalem, 1996. Hainsworth, P. â€Å"The Extreme Right† In Politics of the Extreme Right: From the Margins to the Mainstream. London, 2000. Heath, A. â€Å"What has happened to the extreme Right in Britain. Working Paper, 23, 1993. Ignazi, P. Extreme Right parties in Western Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Margetts, H. John, P. Weir, S. Latent Support for the far-Right in British Politics: The BP and UKIP in the 2004 European and London Elections. Paper Presented to PSA EPOP conference: University of Oxford, 2004. Rensmann, L. â€Å"The New Politics of Prejudice; Comparative Perspectives on Extreme Right Parties in European democracies†. German Politics and Society, 21:4 (2003). Taguieff, P.A. "The New Cultural Racism in France". Telos, 83: Spring (1990) Walker, M. The National Front. Fontana Collins: Glasgow, 1978.

Biological Behavior

Biological Criminal Behavior CJA/314 December 12, 2011 Biological Criminal Behavior Significant genetic and psychological evidence exists that supports the notion that biology played a role in explaining Mr. Hinckley’s crime of the attempted assignation of President Ronald Reagan by in 1981, including seriously injuring to three other people. According to Schmalleger (2012), â€Å"The shape of a person’s skull corresponds to the shape of the underlying brain and is therefore indicative of the personality, (p. 9). Because of the actions of John Hinckley Congress enacted changes to the law that affected the way defense attorneys used the insanity defense in order to protect their clients in court due to concerns that some defendants had no metal disorders, and others were classified as having personality disorders. Those who support the mens rea approach argue that if the courts had considered Hinckley’s mental culpability he would have likely been found guilty be cause they claim he was clear about his intentions. The notes Hinckley left for film star Jodie Foster showed how disturbed he was. John Hinckley reportedly admitted that he was fantasizing about the life of a character in a famous movie. This article went on to explain that Hinckley suffered from other physical ailments that caused significant weight gain and also required prescriptions such as Valium, antidepressants, and antihistamines. In addition, â€Å"At his trial the defense successfully won a battle to introduce a CAT-scan test showing the widened suici of the brain found, according to one defense psychiatrist, in one of three schizophrenics† (Carrithers, 1985, p. 24, para 7). During Hinckley’s trial the prosecution and defense both argued that he suffered from clinical issues such as paranoid personality disorder, depressive neurosis, process schizophrenia, or dysthymic disorder. The legislation passed by Congress relating to Hinckley’s insanity plea was aimed at protecting the rights of the mentally ill and of society. Now the defense has to prove that their client is psychotic, but are not mad creatures if they want to claim insanity. Incredibly, John Hinckley was recently in the news because the courts are currently contemplating about whether or not to release him into the custody of his mother who is elderly. Evidently the issue was serious enough for the federal government to get involved. For example, â€Å"Earlier this year U. S. Secret Service agents observed John Hinckley Jr. the man who shot President Ronald Reagan and three other men in a 1981 assassination attempt,   go to a bookstore to read about President Reagan and presidential assassinations (ABC, 2011, p. 1, para 1). References ABC. (2011). Blogs. Retrieved from, http://abcnews. go. com/blogs/politics/2011/11/prosecutors-argue-against-john-hinckley-jr-release/ Carrithers, D. W. (1985). The Insanity Defense and Presidential Peril. Society, 22(5), 23-27. Schmalleger, F. (2012). Criminology today: An interactive introduction. (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.